What is Hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus (also known as “water on the brain”) is caused by an abnormal accumulation cerebrospinal fluid, (or CSF) within cavities called “ventricles” inside the brain.

This abnormal accumulation of CSF is caused by an obstruction that may develop from a variety of causes, such as brain tumors, cysts, scarring and infection.

Because CSF is produced continuously, when it is blocked it will begin to accumulate upstream from the site of the obstruction, much like a river swells behind a dam. Eventually, as the amount of fluid accumulates, it causes the ventricles to enlarge and pressure to increase inside the head. This condition is known as hydrocephalus.

Is there a cure?

There is no cure for Hydrocephalus. However, one of the best and most effective treatments for hydrocephalus today is a surgical procedure in which a flexible tube called a “shunt” is placed into the child’s CSF system.

The shunt diverts the flow of CSF from the ventricles into another region of the body, most often the abdominal cavity or a chamber of the heart called the atrium.

In most cases, the procedure successfully controls hydrocephalus, but, unlike many surgical procedures that can cure a condition, the placement of a shunt does not cure hydrocephalus. Except in rare cases, hydrocephalus is a lifelong condition.

Is this procedure dangerous?

The insertion of a shunt is a relatively short and uncomplicated procedure. Shunt surgery usually involves minimal pain for the child. If all goes well and no complications arise, the child will be released from the hospital within one to three days. A child whose hydrocephalus was diagnosed and treated early in infancy will have the same head size as his or her peers.

Although hydrocephalus is almost always treated successfully with surgical placement of a shunt, shunt malfunction and, less frequently, infection occur in many cases. These are serious problems and must be treated appropriately. In the event of infection, the child is given a course of antibiotic therapy and usually the entire shunt is replaced.

Although there are exceptional cases in which children receive a shunt and have no further need for revisions or replacements, these cases are rare. Experience shows us that some children undergo several revisions throughout their lives.

Can a child with Hydrocephalus be normal?

With early detection and effective treatment, the outlook for children with hydrocephalus is promising. Many people with hydrocephalus lead normal lives with few limitations. Research and experience show that children with hydrocephalus have excellent opportunities to attain their full potential through programs that stimulate their development.

Sun Life is working together with a team of medical professionals as well as with the families of children with Hydrocephalus. We are creating an atmosphere of mutual trust and respect ensure that an appropriate, comprehensive, ongoing care plan is in place to ensure the best quality of life for each child.